testosterone standard solution
Testosterone
CAS: 58-22-0
Molecular Formula: C19H28O2
testosterone standard solution - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Testosterone |
| Synonyms | testex oreton testred testoderm TESTOSTERON ORQUISTERON PRIMOTESTON TESTOSTERONE Testosterone 17-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one testosterone standard solution testosterone--dea schedule iii 17beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one (17beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one testosterone cell culture tested--dea*schedule ii testosterone gamma-irradiated cell*culture tested (8xi,9xi,14xi,17beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one |
| CAS | 58-22-0 |
| EINECS | 200-370-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-17,21H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14?,15?,16?,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1 |
| InChIKey | MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N |
testosterone standard solution - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C19H28O2 |
| Molar Mass | 288.43 |
| Density | 1.0484 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 152-156 °C |
| Boling Point | 370.65°C (rough estimate) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | 101 º (c=1, dioxane 25 ºC) |
| Flash Point | 5 °C |
| Water Solubility | 22.79mg/L(20 ºC) |
| Solubility | 45% (w/v) aq 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: soluble18.2 mg/ml |
| Vapor Presure | 2.6E-09mmHg at 25°C |
| Appearance | powder |
| Merck | 13,9255 |
| BRN | 1915399 |
| pKa | 15.06±0.60(Predicted) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Refractive Index | 1.4709 (estimate) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting point 153-157°C specific rotation 101 ° (c = 1, dioxane 25°C) |
| Use | For the replacement therapy of non-testis, the treatment of male climacteric syndrome, impotence and other diseases |
testosterone standard solution - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R60 - May impair fertility R61 - May cause harm to the unborn child R11 - Highly Flammable R19 - May form explosive peroxides R20 - Harmful by inhalation R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R63 - Possible risk of harm to the unborn child R45 - May cause cancer R36 - Irritating to the eyes R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R38 - Irritating to the skin |
| Safety Description | S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. |
| UN IDs | UN 2252 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | XA3030000 |
| HS Code | 29372900 |
| Toxicity | LD50 oral in mammal (species unspecified): > 5gm/kg |
testosterone standard solution - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Definition | Testosterone, also known as testosterone, testosterone, testosterone or testosterone, testosterone, etc., is a steroid hormone, which is produced by the testes of men or women The ovaries secrete, and the adrenal glands also secrete a small amount of testosterone. Testosterone is the main androgen and anabolic steroid. Whether it is male or female, it has an important impact on health, including sexual desire, strength, immune function, and anti-osteoporosis effects. According to statistics, the amount of testosterone secreted by adult males is about 20 times that of adult females, and the body content is 7 to 8 times that of adult females. |
| pharmacological effects | testosterone was first extracted from a male cow in 1935. after many years, many different kinds of medicine have been developed. At present, testosterone in North America can be injected (such as testosterone cyclopentate and testosterone enanthate), oral, buccal and skin-penetrating bags, creams and gels. The original use of testosterone is to treat hypogonadism, that is, to supplement the autologous secretion of insufficient or no natural secretion of testosterone. Appropriate use of testosterone under hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can maintain the amount of testosterone in the blood at a normal level. Like other hormones, testosterone and other anabolic hormones are not only supplemented due to lack, but also have other uses, but they are relatively accompanied by larger and more side effects. Such as infertility, loss of libido (sexual coldness) or impotence, osteoporosis, etc. In the late 1940s, testosterone was used as an anti-aging drug as a commercial gimmick, the situation is the same as modern growth hormone. Using the masculine effect of testosterone, transgender men (that is, women become men through transgender) will use testosterone as a substitute to maintain the testosterone level of normal men. Similarly, transgender women use drugs to inhibit the production of testosterone to make estrogen work. |
| Biosynthesis | pregnenolone is the precursor of all anabolic hormones and a derivative of cholesterol, which can synthesize testosterone. The synthesis of testosterone can be carried out in two ways, namely δ-5 and δ-4. The δ-5 method is to convert pregnenolone into dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione. The δ-4 method is to hydroxylate the C- 17 part of gestin to obtain hydroxyprogesterone acetate, which is then converted into androstenedione. Androstenedione is the direct precursor of testosterone. Testosterone can be obtained by reducing the ketone in the C- 17 part to alcohol. Testosterone is the precursor of estradiol. The synthetic component of zinc testosterone is added in the process. Zinc is an important factor in the operation of steroid receptors and is an assisting factor in the enzyme that enables testosterone synthesis. |
| androgen | testosterone is a kind of androgen secreted by testicular interstitial cells, and it is also the most active androgen, which can promote the normal development of male organs and side characteristics of humans and animals, sperm maturation and protein synthesis and metabolism in the body, making muscles developed. Testosterone is also the most important natural androgen in mammals. It is a steroid hormone containing 19 carbon atoms. It is the main androgen secreted by the testis, and the adrenal cortex secretes very little testosterone. Testosterone is very important for the development of male accessory organs and secondary sexual characteristics. In the blood, testosterone can bind to plasma albumin non-specifically, and can also bind to plasma testosterone-estradiol binding globulin. In peripheral tissues, testosterone can be converted into estradiol and estrone. The liver is the main organ for the degradation and metabolism of testosterone. The A ring of testosterone in the liver is reduced, and under the action of 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, it is converted into 17-ketosterols, including androsterone, isoandrosterone and protocholanolones, which are combined with glucuronic acid or sulfate and excreted in the urine. Most of the main metabolites in the urine are excreted in the form of glucuronic acid binding and belong to the 17-keto sterol members. |
| Testosterone determination | Testosterone in adult male plasma is secreted by the testis about 95%, and a small part comes from the adrenal cortex and extra-glandular transformation; in women, it mainly comes from the adrenal cortex, The ovary can also secrete a small amount. Determination of testosterone content is an effective indicator that directly reflects the function of male gonads. Due to the low level of testosterone in the blood, it is difficult to determine it by general chemical methods. In the early 1960s, gas chromatography and double-labeled nuclide derivative methods were used. In the 1970s, competitive protein binding and radioimmunoassay were used. The protein competition binding method uses sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in human plasma as a specific reagent. Generally, the plasma of pregnant women at the end of pregnancy or the plasma of women taking contraceptives is used, because the content of sex hormone binding globulin in these plasma is higher. Radioimmunoassay uses anti-testosterone serum as a specific reagent to replace the sex hormone binding globulin in the competitive protein binding method, so it has better specificity and higher sensitivity. The basic principles of the two methods are the same. the main operation steps are: 1, sample purification: generally, testosterone in plasma sample is extracted by organic solvent, and then separated by chromatography. In the radioimmunoassay method, if the antibody used is very specific, chromatography can be omitted; 2. Competitive binding reaction: In the purified sample, add quantitative radionuclide-labeled testosterone (3H-testosterone), and add an appropriate amount of A certain dilution of antiserum or plasma at the end of pregnancy is incubated for a certain period of time to make the testosterone and 3H-testosterone in the sample combine competitively with it; 3. Separation: free testosterone (F) and bound testosterone (B) are separated by adsorption method, precipitation method or solid phase method. 4. Determination of radioactivity: take a certain amount of part B or F, carry out counting measurement, and then calculate the testosterone content in the sample against the standard curve. The normal value of testosterone in plasma measured by radioimmunoassay in Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology is 360 ~ 910ng/dl for men and 21 ~ 91ng/dl for women. Urinary testosterone excretion was 49~117 μg/24h in men and 0.5~12 μg/24h in women. The content of testosterone in plasma and urine is increased, which can be seen in benign interstitial cell tumors of the testis, precocious puberty, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, polycystic ovary syndrome and some female hirsutism. Decreased testosterone levels in plasma and urine are seen in patients with primary testicular hypoplasia, hypopituitarism, pituitary dwarfism, hypothyroidism, hypercortisolism, and some gynecomathia. |
| Testosterone synthesis pathway | The synthesis of testosterone in testis and ovaries is regulated by luteinizing hormone, which binds to specific receptors on the surface of interstitial cells and promotes testosterone through adenylate cyclase (cAMP) system The synthesis of testosterone is the step of converting cholesterol into 20 α hydroxycholesterol. The synthesis of adrenocortical androgen is carried out in the reticular zone and is regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone. After dehydroisoandrosterone and androstenedione enter the blood, part of the peripheral tissues are converted into testosterone. The production rate of testosterone is 6~8mg per day for adult males and 0.3mg per day for adult females. Most of the testosterone in the blood is combined with plasma protein. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in blood is a β globulin with a molecular weight of 52000~115,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.5. It loses its activity at 60 ℃. It can specifically bind to testosterone. The binding constant is 8 × 108M-1 at 37 ℃, the binding capacity is 3~5 × 10-8M in men and 6~7.8 × 10-8M in women. The content of this protein in blood is about twice as high in women and children as in adult men. In addition, albumin and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) can all bind to testosterone non-specifically. Their binding constants are 3.6 × 104M-1 and 1.5 × 106M-1, respectively, and their affinity is much lower than that of sex hormone binding globulin. The testosterone bound to SHBG in normal adult men accounts for about 2% of the total 56% and albumin bound to 40% and CBG, and the free testosterone is only 2%, while that in adult women is 78%, 20%, 1% and 1%, respectively. Plasma protein-bound testosterone acts as a buffer to maintain blood testosterone concentrations within the normal physiological range. Free testosterone can enter cells and exert physiological effects, so it has biological activity. The plasma testosterone level of adult males in China is 360 ~ 910ng/dl, with an average of 570±116ng/dl( ± 8.0), while that of females is 21 ~ 91ng/dl, with an average of 59±22ng/dl. The secretion of testosterone is regulated by the luteinizing hormone (LH) secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, which is also controlled by the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH,LRH). The secretion of LH in the anterior pituitary gland and the secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus are feedback inhibited to maintain the testosterone in the blood at a certain level. |
| use | biochemical research; Natural male hormones control the development and growth of male sexual organs and male secondary sexual characteristics. It is used for alternative treatment of anorchidism, male menopausal syndrome, impotence and other diseases. It is used for replacement treatment of anorchidism, treatment of male menopausal syndrome, impotence and other diseases |
| Production method | Androster-4-enedione is reduced by lithium aluminum hydride and oxidized by manganese dioxide. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
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